Abstract
COVID-19 has entered in India with the detection of very first case in Bagaluru in the last week of January 2020. This study explores the various facts of different unorganized sectors, depends mainly on Self Help Group of C.G. to share its wave on pandemic period. Apart from it, this research also evaluates on the current, prior and future facilitate in C.G. This full research based only on renowned unorganized sector of C.G. In this pandemic trend situation Self Help Groups contributed their services for anticipated growth. This research is based on conceptual basis facts are taken from secondary sources such as newspaper, journals, and various reports of institution. It has found that Self Help Groups played a prominent role for creating employment as well as motivation to the people in this pandemic period. In this paper the researcher mainly emphasized on Self Help Groups from the study. It has been noted that more than 85% members of Self Help Groups belongs to below poverty line. The self help group came as a moment for women empowerment.
Key Words
COVID-19, unorganized sectors, self help groups, secondary data, pandemic.
Introduction
All of sudden the period of pandemic came across the world which has disturbed the life of people and made a higher impact on economical growth in all the sectors of economy. In the year 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic (declared by WHO) had far reacting impact as the result the spread of disease that not only disrupted the life of people but also it has various impact in economical, social
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and psychological front. The corona virus pandemic is considered as global health disaster. COVID -19 is a member of corona virus family. This virus has a combination of MERS and SARS.
MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) this virus causes a largest downfall in global economy. This pandemic has given the acute economic shock to the entire world. The recession caused by the pandemic are expected to leave long term adverse impact by less investment unutilized human capital ( due to lockdown) inverse global per capita income trend to contract to approx 7% due to loss of trade, tourism, stiff financial conditions and escalating debt. In this adverse period of time global employment of formal and informal sectors have been diminished approximately by 1.6 billion workers globally have suffered a huge lose to their capacity earning and living. It is assumed that the income of informal sectors workers have been decreased to 60 without source of income the workers and their families have no means to ensure their livelihood. In formal sector the employee faces the unfavorable situations like less salary, retrenchment etc.
Scope
COVID -19 Pandemic has increased the scope for the self help groups by providing and enhancing employment opportunity as compared to prior pandemic period.
Literature reviewed
- Buapl(2009), in the study researcher concluded that self help groups provides platform for economic development of rural sector and further explained that how women are becoming economically independent after joining with self help groups.
- Gautam kumar Neeraj,(2013) “Change in Rural Women Empowerment Pattern” , researcher emphasized on changing role of women in economic independence and empowerment in not only urban sector as well as in rural sector.
- Gaba Aoanya(2020), “Econmic Impact of COVID-19 on Different Sectors of India”, the impact of covid and outbreak on various sectors have been mentioned. It has been concluded that the pandemic had created severe economics downfall in various sectors.
Objective of the Study
3 - To discuss the challenges and opportunities for the self help groups imported by COVID-19.
- To understand the impact of COVID-19 in employment level of unorganized sector.
- To create awareness about the various strategies and solution being applied by Self Help Groups to prevail over the problem posed by pandemic.
Research Methodology
In this paper researcher adopted conceptual study. The study is comprised on self help groups of Chhattisgarh. Selection of SHG was purposiveness. The study completely based on secondary data as published in newspaper, research journals, various research e-articles, and many government reports and through many government policies.
Limitations
i. 1. This study is limited up to the unorganized sector of C.G in current pandemic.
ii. 2. This study is not focusing on all types of unorganized sector, based on Self help groups.
iii. 3. This paper is on conceptual study as on secondary data.
iv. 4. The area of study is lemmatized within C.G state.
Role of Self Help Group
Along with global economy the pandemic created the unfavorable impact on Indian economy. It has brought down India’s economy to 3.1% for the 4th quarter of the year 2020 (Ministry of Statistics). Due to look down as a result there is a huge incensement in unemployment, reduction in Good’s source of income fall down of tourism and hospitality sector, decreased consumer activity. The current pandemic has impacted huge risk to India’s economic outbreak. The research of State Bank of India assumes reduction of approximately 40% in GDP in 1st quarter of financial year 2020-2021 unemployment level has significantly increased from 6.7% to 26% in 19th April more than 45% of household has reported with an organized sector have significantly reduced operation.
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Estimated quarterly impact from the corona virus (COVID-19) on India’s GDP growth in 2020
*Source- Statista2020.
The economy is mainly categorized in three sectors primary, secondary and tertiary. These sectors are further segmantized under the head organized and unorganized sectors on the basis of terms and conditions of employment. Organized sectors or formal sectors are incorporated with government. In this the term of employment is fixed and on continuous basis. These sectors have to follow the rules and regulations imposed by government.
Unorganized sector/informal sector is that part of sectors where the organization or business entity is not incorporated with the government. The terms of services are not fixed. As far as Indian economy is considered it has a existence of majority of informal sectors. As per (NSSO) the total employment in country was of 46.5 crore out of which 2.8 crore in organized sectors and the remaining 43.7 crore workers are engaged in unorganized sector out of these workers in informal sector 24.6 crore workers are employed in agricultural sector and remaining are engaged in construction work manufacturing activity.
Unorganized sector of economy is mainly based on household manufacturing activity and with small scale industry. Often in this job the people who are engaged or paid less and irregular. The
October-DecemberOctober-December October-December October-DecemberOctober-December October-December October-December2019201920192019
January-March 2020January-March 2020January-March 2020 January-March 2020 January-March 2020January-March 2020January-March 2020 January-March 2020 January-March 2020January-March 2020January-March 2020
April-June 2020April-June 2020 April-June 2020April-June 2020April-June 2020April-June 2020 April-June 2020April-June 2020 April-June 2020April-June 2020April-June 2020
Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP 2019-2020 E.Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.Estimated GDP 2019-2020 E.GDPEstimated GDP
2019-2020 E.1.20%1.20% 1.20%1.20%
5%
-9.30%-9.30%-9.30% -9.30%-9.30%
-12.00%-12.00%-12.00%-12.00% -12.00%-12.00%
-10.00%-10.00%-10.00%-10.00% -10.00%-10.00%
-8.00%-8.00%-8.00% -8.00%-8.00%
-6.00%-6.00%-6.00% -6.00%-6.00%
-4.00%-4.00%-4.00% -4.00%-4.00%
-2.00%-2.00%-2.00% -2.00%-2.00%
0.00%0.00% 0.00%0.00%
2.00%2.00% 2.00%2.00%
4.00%4.00% 4.00%4.00%
6.00%6.00% 6.00%6.00%
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payment is made to this as per the working days with an unsecure employment large number of people employed in micro job such as – street vendors, mechanical repairs and so on. Mainly effected groups of people by this pandemic are from various unorganized sectors such as Agricultural/Farming sectors, Head load carrier, Animal drive vehicles, News paper Vendors, Migrant workers, Horse hold workers, Rickshaw pullers, Weavers, Beedi factory workers ,Self Help Groups etc.
Through the micro finance women are made independent and can generate income from their house itself without depending on other family member’s income with an exposure of new ideology and social supports. There are more than 100000 self help groups in C.G. under different departmental programmers in which majority of members belong to women self help groups. Self Help Groups proved as a best tool for economic development of women globally. The role played by C.G. self help group is more prominent.
In pandemic period corona virus disease mostly affected approximately 200 countries whole economy for combating from the corona virus in India requires all the stakeholders to take charge and deliver from all working ground the women led self help groups. They emerged effectively as front line responder’s up to reaching the last mile and also ensuring and immediate relief along with socio-economic protection to the country’s most vulnerable.
Chhattisgarh women self help groups contributed their most valuable services for fighting against the corona outbreak near about 7625 women from 2165 self help groups are associated with government run C.G. state rural livelihood mission (SLRM) from repairing marks in 27 districts of the since last 3 months during pandemic period women self help groups in Chhattisgarh had produced over 39 lakh face masks and near about 10000 litres of hand sanitizers for entering the increasing demand of these essential items in COVID outbreak.
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By increase in demand in Raipur face masks and hand sanitizers are being prepared by Self Help Groups. The Self Help Groups normally belongs to rural areas like villages and also creating awareness about covid-19 among the people of rural areas. The masks prepared by them are of cloth fabric three layer cotton and of standard set by WHO washable. This is being sold at a cost of 15 to 20 Rs. each. In the same way sanitizers are also prepared through hygienic products. They are also engage in preparing fabric hand gloves for the traffic police. For supplying meals to migrant workers as precautionary measure they made Dona and pattal at the time of quarantine. As government has introduced 200 crores for the economical growth of the county but they didn’t put any part of contribution towards the Self Help Groups. As they came as frontiers in war. They stand with whole world feet to feet for producing their services in this crucial stage.
This pandemic situation result showed the loss of employment and unfavorable growth in economic frame, an estimates of job loss showed that approximately 80% jobs were affected in urban economy despite of these condition employment sector. Self help group played a prominent role in employment creation. To facilitate the working of Self Help Groups, the urban ministry of rural development issue policy direction. Around 2516 women of the 853 Self Help Groups associate with C.G. state livelihood mission have produced around 5.13 lakh mask of these 4,22,387 mask worth 60.70/- lakh was supplied to the health department. Sanitizers are belong produced 581.u litre worth 288 lakh have been sold gradually its manufacturing will be expanded in other districts. Self Help Groups have penetration till village level and roping them in the battle against corona virus in the locality and informing people about the importance of maintaining social distance.
Findings
➢ Lack of awareness and importance of self help group services in the view of government.
➢ In korea district members of self help group have made 4,10,290 masks.
➢ In Rajnandgoan district 3,74,943 masks have been produced for the corona worriers and common public.
➢ In Bemetara district 3,50,705 masks have been produced for the use corona worriers and common public.
➢ In Raipur district is making designer masks and producing 1000 liters sanitizers per day under the guidance of state government of Chhattisgarh.
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➢ In Gariyaband district 3,12,550 masks have been produced for the corona worriers and common public
➢ In Bastar district 50,000 masks have been produced with a total earning of earnings Rs. 3,00,000
➢ In Dhamtari district 1,00,005 masks have been produced with a total earning of Rs.8,46,000 under BIHAN mission
➢ Under Van Dhan Scheme Kondagaon district have made 2,50,000 masks, 15,000 soaps using forest products like tamarind, chaar and mahua flowers and became the top performing district of Chhattisgarh.
➢ In spite of deficit of infrastructure and various barriers like Self Help Groups tried to make a positive effect on the society.
➢ The study had discovered that with lack of connectivity and communication link posed a high degree of positive effect on the migrant labor along with facing the challenges of trust and fear among the people.
➢ Remarkable works are being performed by Self Help Groups in this outbreak situation.
➢ By facing the problem of regardless availability and reliability on Self Help Groups through various channels significantly marked implement of their in C.G.
Suggestions
1) Government should focus on Self Help Groups right now as they have performed unpredictable work for the support of people in crucial period of pandemic.
2) Proper financial assistance must be ensured from the end of government for the growth and development.
3) Favorable marketing strategy should be formulated for unorganized sector.
4) Government should appreciate the outstanding performance of members of Self Help Groups who played a heroic role from the back screen for combat like a warriors with corona.
5) The government should make concrete policies for SHGs to merge them with the main stream of economical growth and development.
6) Government should focus on Self Help Groups right now as they have performed unpredictable work for the support of people in crucial period of pandemic.
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7) Proper financial assistance must be ensured from the end of government for the growth and development.
8) Favorable marketing strategy should be formulated for unorganized sector.
9) Government should appreciate the outstanding performance of members of Self Help Groups who played a heroic role from the back screen for combat like a warriors with corona.
10) The government should make concrete policies for SHGs to merge them with the main stream of economical growth and development.
Conclusion
The study has been summarized successfully with reference to various sectors of unorganized sector of Chhattisgarh in which it has been concluded that very poor government policy are made regarding the awareness and growth of unorganized sector especially self help group in the rural as well as urban areas with an negative impact on development of Self Help Groups. In post COVID pandemic period while the Self Help Groups has been very effectively contributed effortless services and put on their efficiency for awareness and motivating to migrant workers. Despite of not having proper resources in this pre and post situation epidemic. However study is being concluded that Self Help Groups are facing a huge amount of malfunctioning, lacking of resources, know how (technology) and insufficient funding for their tremendous and selfless efforts.
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 - Kahn, Jeffrey S. MD, PhD*; McIntosh, Kenneth, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: November 2005 – Volume 24 – Issue 11 – p S223-S227, doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000188166.17324.60
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5.Lanese, N. (2020, February 7). What is a coronavirus? Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/what-are-coronaviruses.html - The WHO Just Declared Coronavirus COVID-19 a Pandemic | Retrieved from https://time.com/5791661/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration/
- What Is the Coronavirus? History of Concerning … – TheStreet. Retrieved from https://www.thestreet.com/lifestyle/health/what-is-the-coronavirus
- The economic impact of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus). Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/covid-19/economic-impact-covid-19.html
- Countries with the largest proportion of global gross. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/270183/countries-with-the-largest-proportion-of-global-grossdomestic-product-gdp/
- Standard, B. (n.d.). Growth vs Slowdown. Retrieved from https://www.businessstandard.com/budget/2019/growth-vs-slowdown
